- Agarose Gel Electrophoresis
- Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP)
- DNA Sequencing
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
- FISH (Fluorescent in situ hybridization)
- Gel Filtration Chromatography
- Ion Exchange Chromatography
- In Situ Hybridization
- Microarrays
- Paper Chromatography
- Polyacrylamide gel electorphoresis
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Plasmids
- Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP)
- Thin Layer Chromatography
- UV/Vis spectroscopy
- Western Blotting
- X-ray crystallography
- X-ray Diffraction and Bragg’s law